Main content
Course: Algebra (all content) > Unit 5
Lesson 9: Systems with three variablesSolving linear systems with 3 variables
Sal solves a system of three variables using elimination. Created by Sal Khan and Monterey Institute for Technology and Education.
Want to join the conversation?
No posts yet.
Video transcript
Solve this system. And once again, we have three
equations with three unknowns. So this is essentially
trying to figure out where three different
planes would intersect in three dimensions. And to do this, if we want to
do it by elimination, if we want to be able to
eliminate variables, it looks like, well, it looks
like we have a negative z here. We have a plus 2z. We have a 5z over here. If we were to scale up this
third equation by positive 2, then you would have
a negative 2z here, and it would cancel
out with this 2z there. And then if you were
to scale it up by 5, you'd have a negative
5z here, and then that could cancel out with
that 5z over there. So let's try to cancel out. Let's try to eliminate
the z's first. So let me start with
this equation up here. I'll just rewrite it. So we have-- I'll draw
an arrow over here-- we have x plus 2y plus 5z
is equal to negative 17. And then to cancel out or
to eliminate the z's, I'll multiply this
equation here times 5. So I'm going to multiply
this equation times 5. So we have to multiply
both sides by 5. So 3x times 5 is 15x, y times
5 is plus 5y, and then negative z times 5 is negative 5z--
that's the whole point and why we're multiplying it
by 5-- is equal to 3 times 5, which is equal to 15. And so if we add these two
equations, we get x plus 15x is 16x, 2y plus 5y is 7y, and
5z minus 5z or plus negative 5z, those are going to cancel out. And that is going to
be equal to negative 17 plus 15 is negative 2. So we were able to
use the constraints in that equation
and that equation, and now we have an
equation in just x and y. So let's try to
do the same thing. Let's trying to
eliminate the z's. But now I'll use this
equation and this equation. So this equation-- let me
just rewrite it over here. We have 2x minus 3y plus
2z is equal to negative 16. I just rewrote it. And now, so that this
2z gets eliminated, let's multiply this
equation times 2. So let's multiply it times 2,
so we'll have a negative 2z here to eliminate with
the positive 2z. So 2 times 3x is 6x,
2 times y is plus 2y, and then 2 times negative z is
negative 2z is equal to 2 times 3 is equal to 6. And now we can add
these two equations. 2x plus 6x is 8x, negative
3y plus 2y is negative y, and then these two
guys get canceled out. And then that is
equal to negative 16 plus 6 is negative 10. So now we have two
equations with two unknowns. We've eliminated the z's. And let's see, if we
want to eliminate again, we have a negative y over here. We have a positive 7y. Well, we could eliminate the y's
if we multiplied this times 7 and add the two equations. So let's do that. So let's multiply this times 7. 7 times 8 is 56, so
it's 56x minus 7y is equal to 7 times negative
10, is equal to negative 70. And now we can add
these two equations. I'm now trying to
eliminate the y's. So we have 16x plus 56x. That is 72x. So we have 72x, these
guys eliminate, equal to negative 72, negative
2 plus negative 70. Divide both sides by 72, and we
get x is equal to negative 1. And now we just have
to substitute back to figure out what y
and z are equal to. So let's go back to this
equation right over here. So we have 8x minus y
is equal to negative 10. If x is equal to negative 1,
that means 8 times negative 1, or negative 8 minus y
is equal to negative 10. We can add 8 to both sides. And so we have negative
y is equal to negative 2, or multiplying both sides by
negative 1, y is equal to 2. let me square that off. So x is equal to negative
1, y is equal to 2. We now just have
to worry about z, and we can go back to
any of these up here. So I'll just use this last one. The numbers seem lower. So if we substitute back
into this last equation right over here,
we have 3 times x, which is 3 times negative 1
plus y, which is 2, minus z is equal to 3. So it's negative 3 plus
2 minus z is equal to 3. And this is negative 1
minus z is equal to 3. And then add 1 to both sides,
we get-- these cancel out-- negative z is equal to 4. Multiplying both
sides by negative 1, you get z is equal
to negative 4. So we're done. Let's verify that these
solutions, or the solution of x is negative 1, y is equal to
2, z is equal to negative 4, actually satisfies all
three of these constraints. So let's substitute
into this first one. So you have x plus 2y plus 5z. So x is negative 1 plus 2
times y, so plus 4, plus 5z. So minus 20 has to be
equal to negative 17. And this is negative. This right here is
positive 3 minus 20 is indeed equal to negative 17. So it satisfies the
first constraint. Let's look at the second one. 2 times x, 2 times negative 1. That's negative 2
minus 3 times y. That's minus 6-- 3 times
2 is 6-- plus 2 times z. z is negative 4, so that's 2
times negative 4 is negative 8. That needs to equal negative 16. Negative 2 minus negative
8 is-- sorry, negative 2 minus negative 6 is negative 8. Subtract another 8,
you get negative 16. So it meets the
second constraint. And then, finally, let's
look at the last constraint. We have 3 times x, so negative
3 plus y, so plus 2, minus z. So minus negative 4 is
the same thing as plus 4. That needs to be equal to 3. So negative 3 plus 2 is negative
1 plus 4 is indeed equal to 3. So we found the point
of intersection in three dimensions of
these three planes. x is negative 1, z is
negative 4, y is 2. And we were able to
verify that it does indeed meet all of the constraints.